Not legal advice. These templates are starting points written from common nonprofit practice. State law varies. Have a lawyer review before adopting — the pro bono clinics at the bottom of this page do this for free.
Bylaws — the operating manual
Bylaws govern how your board runs the org — meeting frequency, quorum, officer roles, how directors are elected, how decisions are made, how amendments happen. The IRS reviews them when you file Form 1023.
Skeleton (adapt for your org and state)
BYLAWS OF [ORG NAME]
A [STATE] Nonprofit Corporation
ARTICLE I — NAME, OFFICES, PURPOSE
1.1 Name. The corporation is [ORG NAME].
1.2 Offices. Principal office is in [COUNTY], [STATE].
1.3 Purpose. The corporation is organized exclusively for charitable, educational, and scientific purposes within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, specifically: [MISSION STATEMENT].
ARTICLE II — MEMBERSHIP
2.1 The corporation has no members. (Most small orgs choose this. If you have voting members, this article is much longer.)
ARTICLE III — BOARD OF DIRECTORS
3.1 Powers. The board manages the affairs of the corporation.
3.2 Number. The board consists of no fewer than 3 and no more than 15 directors.
3.3 Term. Directors serve 2-year terms, staggered, with a maximum of three consecutive terms.
3.4 Election. New directors are elected by the existing board.
3.5 Removal. A director may be removed with cause by a 2/3 vote of the remaining directors.
3.6 Vacancies. The board fills vacancies by majority vote.
3.7 Compensation. Directors serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses.
ARTICLE IV — MEETINGS
4.1 Annual meeting. Held in [MONTH] each year.
4.2 Regular meetings. Held [MONTHLY/QUARTERLY] at a time and place set by the board.
4.3 Special meetings. Called by the chair or any 3 directors with 5 days' notice.
4.4 Quorum. A majority of directors then in office constitutes a quorum.
4.5 Action without a meeting. Permitted if all directors consent in writing (including email).
4.6 Remote participation. Directors may participate by video or phone, counted as present.
ARTICLE V — OFFICERS
5.1 Officers are Chair, Vice Chair, Secretary, and Treasurer.
5.2 Officers are elected annually by the board.
5.3 Chair presides over meetings and represents the corporation publicly.
5.4 Vice Chair acts in the absence of the Chair.
5.5 Secretary keeps minutes and corporate records.
5.6 Treasurer oversees finances, ensures filings, reports to the board.
ARTICLE VI — COMMITTEES
6.1 Standing committees: Executive, Finance, Governance.
6.2 The board may create other committees by resolution.
ARTICLE VII — CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
7.1 The board adopts and annually reviews a Conflict of Interest Policy.
7.2 Every director, officer, and key employee signs an annual disclosure.
ARTICLE VIII — INDEMNIFICATION
8.1 The corporation indemnifies directors, officers, employees, and volunteers to the fullest extent permitted by [STATE] law.
ARTICLE IX — FINANCES
9.1 Fiscal year is [DATES].
9.2 Books are audited or reviewed annually if revenue exceeds [STATE THRESHOLD].
9.3 No part of net earnings inures to the benefit of any private individual.
ARTICLE X — AMENDMENTS
10.1 These bylaws may be amended by 2/3 vote of directors at any regular or special meeting, with prior written notice of the proposed amendment.
ARTICLE XI — DISSOLUTION
11.1 Upon dissolution, remaining assets are distributed for one or more exempt purposes within Section 501(c)(3), or to a federal/state/local government for a public purpose.
Adopted: [DATE]
Secretary: ____________________
Board Resolutions — templates for the most common votes
Resolutions are formal records of board decisions. Banks, funders, and the IRS all ask for them. Keep a resolution book (a binder or shared folder).
RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
[ORG NAME]
The undersigned, being the Secretary of [ORG NAME], certifies that the following resolution was adopted by the Board of Directors at a meeting held [DATE], at which a quorum was present:
RESOLVED, that [ACTION TAKEN — e.g., the corporation is authorized to open a checking account at [BANK], with [NAMED OFFICERS] authorized as signatories].
FURTHER RESOLVED, that [any related authorizations].
Approved: [VOTE COUNT, e.g., "Unanimous" or "5 in favor, 0 opposed, 1 abstaining"]
___________________________
Secretary
Date: ___________
Common resolutions: open bank account, authorize loan, hire/fire ED, adopt budget, amend bylaws, lease office space, accept restricted gift over a threshold.
Volunteer Agreement (single page)
[ORG NAME] VOLUNTEER AGREEMENT
Volunteer name: _______________________________
Role / activity: _______________________________
Start date: _______________________________
I understand and agree:
1. I am volunteering my time and am not an employee or independent contractor of [ORG NAME].
2. I will not receive wages, benefits, or workers' compensation coverage.
3. I will follow [ORG NAME]'s policies, including its code of conduct and confidentiality requirements.
4. I will keep confidential any personal information about clients, donors, or staff that I learn through my volunteer service.
5. I assume the ordinary risks of the activity. I release [ORG NAME] from liability for injury, except in cases of gross negligence or willful misconduct.
6. I authorize [ORG NAME] to use photos or video taken during volunteer activities for nonprofit communications. (Initial here if NO: ____)
7. Either party may end this arrangement at any time, with or without notice.
8. I authorize a background check if my role involves [working with minors / handling money / driving / specify].
Signature: _______________________ Date: _________
Parent/guardian (if under 18): _______________________
Fiscal sponsorship lets a project receive tax-deductible donations through an established 501(c)(3) before getting its own determination letter. Two main models:
- Model A (comprehensive) — The project is fully part of the sponsor. Sponsor controls funds, hires staff, owns IP. Highest legal protection, lowest project autonomy.
- Model C (pre-approved grant relationship) — The project is a separate entity. Sponsor receives donations and re-grants them to the project under a written agreement. Most common for incubating projects.
Terms that always matter
- Admin fee: 5–10% is standard. Negotiate down for high-volume projects.
- Disbursement schedule: Monthly or per-grant. Define explicitly.
- Restricted vs. unrestricted funds: Sponsor's policy on commingling.
- Termination: How does the project leave when it gets its own determination? What happens to unspent funds?
- Liability: Insurance coverage for project staff and volunteers.
- Reporting: What the project must give the sponsor (financial reports, program reports, board approvals).
Reputable national sponsors: Tides, ioby, FieldStone Alliance. Most regions also have a community foundation that sponsors local projects.
Free legal help by state
- Pro Bono Institute — corporate in-house counsel programs that take nonprofit clients.
- Council on Foundations — member directory of community foundations, many of which fund or staff nonprofit legal clinics.
- ABA Pro Bono Public Service — central directory.
- LawHelp.org — aggregator of free legal resources by state.
- Lawyers Alliance programs exist in NYC, Maryland, DC, Chicago, Texas, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and several other regions. Search "[your state] + lawyers alliance for nonprofits."
- Law school clinics — most major law schools run a nonprofit/community-development clinic. Free legal work supervised by faculty.
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